Due to the increasing development of one, two and three dimensional methods of nuclear magnetic resonance in recent years and the need to develop new research and applications of this device in the country, this article attempts to introduce new applications in this field. The applications of this technique in the fields of medicine and food industry and solid state and recent device developments in this field are briefly introduced.

Lithium-air battery has been a focus of study for the past two decades due to their high theoretical energy density. Solid state electrolytes with high ion conuducting capability still remains a critical challenge in developing lithium-air batteries. Lithium aluminium titanium phosphate with high ion conducting properties and NASICON structure is a hopeful material as solid electrolyte. In this study we have prepared LATP powders by a solution based synthesis method continued by annealing to obtain convenient crystallinity without impurities. Preferred Crystallization temperature was determined to be 800 ° C by x-ray diffraction analysis. . The milled powder was used to form pellets, which was then calcined 850 ° C for two level of pressing pressure and sintering time. Highest ionic conductivity of 1. 07×10-4 was abtained by pressing pressure of 50 Mpa and duel time of 3 hours. Although highest density refered to pressing pressure of 300 Mpa and 3 hours duel time.

Lithiated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a new type of polymer electrolyte membrane as a separator for Li-ion batteries. By incorporating lithium ions into the PET structure, lithiated- PET can enable the transport of lithium ions while blocking the passage of electrons, thereby acting as a selective separator in a battery. Here, H-PET is swollen by two lithium precursors of LiOH and LiI with two concentrations. Lithium incorporation is revealed by XRD and FTIR analyses. Impedance spectroscopy shows that lithiated PET by LiI salt exhibits a bulk ion conductivity of 7.79 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 25 °C and 6.15 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 120 °C. The mechanism of Li-ion migration in Li-PET is based on the movement through the oxygen in the ester functional groups. When the ionomer of PET is phonon-activated under the temperature, segmental movement of ionomers and local dis-orderings enhance the Li-ion conductivity. Therefore, Li-PET as a lightweight polymer electrolyte can be a suitable replacement for the standard liquid electrolyte/separator systems in advanced lithium batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes are essential components for realizing solid-state batteries. Solid-state batteries have long relied on polymer electrolytes based on polyoxyethylene. However, these electrolytes have a limited electrochemical window, which restricts future improvements in energy density. This work produced and characterized a solid polymer electrolyte based on plasticized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Electrochemical methods, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, were used to determine the electrolyte's conductivity. For the manufacture of this plasticized PVP solid polymer electrolyte, propylene carbonate (PC) was used as the plasticizer, and lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃), and lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) served as the salts. The plasticized PVP solid polymer electrolyte was prepared using the solution casting technique. The synthesized plasticized PVP was verified using UV-Vis spectroscopy. AC impedance measurements were conducted to determine the conductivity of the films, while surface properties were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the electrochemical stability of the electrolytes was examined.

In this work we have applied the Dense System Equation of State (DSEOS) to electrolyte solutions. We have found that this equation of state can predict the density of electrolyte solutions very accurately. It has been tested for different electrolytes solutions at different temperatures and compositions. A hypothetical binary model has been applied to find the dependencies of parameters of this equation of state on solution temperature and composition. Using such a simple model the heat capacity of NaCl solution was calculated for which the absolute percent deviation is less than 2%. The DSEOS is tested for the following electrolytes: Na2SO4, MgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, NaCl, and NaBr. We found that the DSEOS predicts the density of aqueous electrolyte solutions mentioned above accurately so that its percent error in density is less than 0.04.

The performance of the solid acid fuel cell by CsH2PO4 electrolyte was analyzed using the present model of the electrochemical reaction and transport phenomena, which are fully coupled with the governing equations. Development of such a model requires creating the three-dimensional geometry and its mesh grid, discretization of momentum, mass and electric charge balance equation and solving the equations based on the information of electrical and electrochemical models in different areas of the cell consisting of porous electrodes, gas channels, and the solid parts like the current collector. The model equations were solved employing a finite elements technique solver of cell potential. Different parameters including current density (i), cell potential (V), cell power and concentration distribution of hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor have been investigated in this study. Also, the effect of different voltages on the concentration distribution of all the mentioned species through the cell length are taken into account. The results showed that there is a noticeable difference between H2, O2 and H2O concentration through the cell length subjected to various voltages. This difference was more apparent at lower voltages due to higher current density and higher consumption of species. The polarization curve is suitably consistent with the model and experimental data which verify the present simulation results.

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolytes are promising candidates for application in next-generation solid-state batteries. Of note, the most controversial issue is to stabilize the cubic phase structure (c-LLZO) with high density after the sinter process to reach high ionic conductivity with the desired strength. Considering this issue, the current study aims to investigate the synthesis and sintering of LLZO with Al substituted and without any additive. The LLZO ceramic was synthesized through conventional solid-state reaction. The effect of heating temperature on the synthesis of the cubic structure was studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The ionic conductivity of the samples was examined by AC Impedance Spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that Al doping led to the cubic phase stabilization and that it had a positive effect on the sintering regime so that the sample with Al dopant was densified at the lower temperature of 1140 °C. The total ion conductivity of Al-LLZO is 0.1 mScm-1 which is comparable to the values of high temperature-sintered samples.

The aim of this research is to design and fabricate a natural dye-sensitized solar cell using a semi-solid electrolyte and substituting a platinum electrode with Zirconium oxide/Tungsten oxide nanorods (ZrO2/WO2NR) nanocomposite for reducing the costs. To prepare the semi-solid electrolyte, a combination of three substances, cesium iodide (CsI), tin iodide (SnI) and tin fluoride (SnF2) were used. The result of this compound is cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3-xFx), which due to the high mobility of the cavity equal to 585 cm2V-1S-1 and the ability to dissolve in organic solvents, can be a good alternative to liquid electrolyte replacement. The photoanode structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of black and simple henna was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy to select the dye. The counter electrode was fabricated by ZrO2/WO2NR nanocomposite by micro-spray method. The results showed that natural henna dye offers better performance with the peak absorption at 665 nm. The utilization of ZrO2/WO2NR nanocomposite, in addition to good catalytic properties, also showed a voltammetric cycle similar to platinum, which results in longer life and stabilization of output power over the time. The performance evaluation of the fabricated sample indicated the open circuit voltage of 0. 17 V, the short circuit current of 4. 08 mA and the efficiency of 0. 95%, which is 2 times higher than in comparison with liquid electrolyte-based cells.